Most plants are chosen because somebody likes them. These are chosen because something needs doing, and that reversal matters — when a plant is filling a functional role, failing at the job is visible in a way that a plant simply being a bit disappointing is not. A screen that never screens is a standing reminder.
So these get specified rather than picked: what height, at what density, by when, against what. The look comes second, and a surprising amount of the time the right answer involves something other than a plant.
These are the jobs we select for.
Two of these fail in ways that are worth knowing before you start.
Screening fails on density, not height. The question is never how tall a plant gets — it is how dense it is at the height you actually need it. A lot of plants sold for screening are perfectly solid at eye level for six or eight years and then go bare at the bottom as they mature, and by then the thing you were screening is visible again through a row of trunks. Where a screen has to work at ground level, that gets designed for at the start rather than discovered in year ten.
Containers face a harder winter here than anything in the ground. A root ball in the ground is insulated on every side by soil that never approaches air temperature. A root ball in a pot is surrounded by air and freezes through. The working rule is to plant a container two zones hardier than the site — so a zone 5 location wants a zone 3 plant in a pot if it is staying outside all winter. Most container plantings that die here were never going to survive, whatever anyone did with the watering.
Erosion control and pollinator plantings have their own rules, and both are covered on their pages above. The common thread is that a functional planting gets judged years after the install, long after anyone is looking at the plant list — which is a good reason to specify it properly at the start.
If you have a problem you are trying to solve rather than a look you are trying to get, start by describing the problem. We will work back from it.
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